Apple уходит от IBM к Intel

[Злодиюка]

компания Apple Computer планирует объявить о разрыве партнерства с IBM и переводе своих компьютеров на процессоры Intel.

Apple использует процессоры IBM PowerPC с 1994 года, но в середине 2006 года, как сообщают осведомленные источники, компания намерена перевести на процессоры Intel компьютеры нижней ценовой группы, такие как Mac Mini, а в середине 2007 года — более дорогие модели, такие как Power Mac.

Предполагается, что анонс будет сделан на конференции Apple Worldwide Developer Conference в Сан-Франциско, где с докладом выступит глава компании Стив Джобс. Конференция разработчиков ПО — самое подходящее место для такого объявления, ведь смена процессоров потребует от программистов переработки всех своих приложений.

IBM, Intel и Apple отказались дать комментарии для этой статьи.

В прошлом месяце Wall Street Journal сообщил, что Apple думает о переходе на Intel, но многие аналитики скептически оценили такую возможность, ссылаясь на трудность и рискованность подобного шага. Этот скептицизм сохраняется и теперь. «Если они действительно это сделают, я буду очень удивлен и озадачен, — говорит аналитик Insight 64 Nathan Brookwood Натан Бруквуд. — Я не представляю, как доля рынка Apple вынесет еще одну смену архитектуры. Каждый раз, когда они это делают, они теряют множество заказчиков и партнеров по программному обеспечению».

В 1990-е годы Apple успешно осуществила переход с семейства процессоров Motorola 680x0 на семейство Power совместного производства Motorola и IBM. Тогда тоже пришлось перерабатывать все ПО, чтобы использовать преимущества новых чипов, но старые программы можно было исполнять на новых машинах посредством эмулятора. (Процессоры PowerPC для ноутбуков Apple и Mac Mini сейчас производит Freescale, дочерняя компания Motorola.)

Отношения между Apple и IBM не были безоблачными. Apple открыто критиковала IBM за проблемы с поставками, тогда как Big Blue уверяла, что они решены. Последние размолвки, способствовавшие заключению сделки с Intel, произошли якобы из-за желания Apple получать более широкий спектр моделей PowerPC и опасений IBM по поводу рентабельности малообъемного бизнеса.

Apple много лет говорит о возможности заключения соглашений с Intel и Advanced Micro Devices. На этот раз под такими разговорами есть одно основание: операционная система с открытым исходным кодом FreeBSD, вариантом которой является Mac OS X, уже работает на процессорах х86. Джобс говорит, что Mac OS X будет легко перевести на х86.

Этот шаг поднимает также вопросы о будущей стратегии Apple. В мире ПК на платформе Intel ей предстоит сделать важный выбор: разрешить исполнять операционную систему Mac OS X на любых компьютерах или только на своих собственных?

Прекращение партнерских отношений с Apple лишает IBM печати избранности, но в утешение ей остается разработка и производство семейства процессоров Power для будущих игровых консолей Microsoft, Sony и Nintendo, отмечает аналитик Sageza Group Клэй Райдер. «Весь объем производства процессоров для игровых консолей, пожалуй, будет даже побольше. Однако когда теряешь солидного клиента, это все равно неуловимым образом причиняет ущерб».

Между тем, IBM проводит маркетинговую кампанию Power Everywhere по стимулированию широкого применения своих процессоров. Эти чипы присутствуют везде: от сетевого оборудования до серверов и самых мощных суперкомпьютеров IBM Blue Gene/L.

По словам Дина Маккаррона из Mercury Research, Intel доминирует в бизнесе процессов для ПК: в первом квартале 2005 года ее доля рынка составила 81,7%, тогда как у Advanced Micro Devices только 16,6%. Эти цифры не учитывают процессоров PowerPC. Однако на долю Apple приходится 1,8% мирового рынка ПК. В первом квартале Apple продала 1,07 млн ПК, и переход на платформу Intel, вероятно, увеличит продажи микропроцессорного гиганта на соответствующую величину.

http://zdnet.ru/?ID=492391

[poruchik]

Интересная статья (из очень многих публикаций и рассуждений по данному поводу):

http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/pulpit20050609.html

Going for Broke

Apple's Decision to Use Intel Processors Is Nothing Less Than an Attempt to Dethrone Microsoft. Really.

By Robert X. Cringely

The crowd this week in San Francisco at Apple's World Wide Developers Conference seemed mildly excited by the prospect of its favorite computer company turning to Intel processors. The CEO of Adobe asked why it had taken Apple so long to make the switch? Analysts on Wall Street were generally positive, with a couple exceptions. WHAT THE HECK IS GOING ON HERE!? Are these people drunk on Flav-r-Ade? Yes. It is the legendary Steve Jobs Reality Distortion Field at work. And this time, what's behind the announcement is so baffling and staggering that it isn't surprising that nobody has yet figured it out until now.

Apple and Intel are merging.

Let's take a revisionist look at the Apple news, asking a few key questions. The company has on its web site a video of the speech, itself, which is well worth watching. It's among this week's links.

Question 1: What happened to the PowerPC's supposed performance advantage over Intel?

This is the Altivec Factor -- PowerPC's dedicated vector processor in the G4 and G5 chips that make them so fast at running applications like Adobe Photoshop and doing that vaunted H.264 video compression. Apple loved to pull Phil Schiller onstage to do side-by-side speed tests showing how much faster in real life the G4s and G5s were than their Pentium equivalents. Was that so much BS? Did Apple not really mean it? And why was the question totally ignored in this week's presentation?

Question 2: What happened to Apple's 64-bit operating system?

OS X 10.4 -- Tiger -- is a 64-bit OS, remember, yet Intel's 64-bit chips -- Xeon and Itanium -- are high buck items aimed at servers, not iMacs. So is Intel going to do a cheaper Itanium for Apple or is Apple going to pretend that 64-bit never existed? Yes to both is my guess, which explains why the word "Pentium" was hardly used in the Jobs presentation. Certainly, he never said WHICH Intel chip they'd be using, just mentioning an unnamed 3.6-Ghz development system -- a system which apparently doesn't benchmark very well, either (it's in the links).

So is 64-bit really nothing to Apple? And why did they make such a big deal about it in their earlier marketing?

Question 3: Where the heck is AMD?

If Apple is willing to embrace the Intel architecture because of its performance and low power consumption, then why not go with AMD, which equals Intel's power specs, EXCEEDS Intel's performance specs AND does so at a lower price point across the board? Apple and AMD makes far more sense than Apple and Intel any day.

Question 4: Why announce this chip swap a year before it will even begin for customers?

This is the biggest question of all, suggesting Steve Jobs has completely forgotten about Adam Osborne. For those who don't remember him, Osborne was the charismatic founder of Osborne Computer, makers of the world's first luggable computer, the Osborne 1. The company failed in spectacular fashion when Adam pre-announced his next model, the Osborne Executive, several months before it would actually ship. People who would have bought Osborne 1s decided to wait for the Executive, which cost only $200 more and was twice the computer. Osborne sales crashed and the company folded. So why would Steve Jobs -- who knew Adam Osborne and even shared a hot tub with him (Steve's longtime girlfriend back in the day worked as an engineer for Osborne) -- pre-announce this chip change that undercuts not only his present product line but most of the machines he'll be introducing in the next 12 to 18 months?

Is the guy really going to stand up at some future MacWorld and tout a new Mac as being the world's most advanced obsolete computer?

This announcement has to cost Apple billions in lost sales as customers inevitably decide to wait for Intel boxes.

Apple's stated reason for pre-announcing the shift by a year is to allow third-party developers that amount of time to port their apps to Intel. But this makes no sense. For one thing, Apple went out of its way to show how easy the port could be with its Mathematica demonstration, so why give it a year? And companies typically make such announcements to their partners in private under NDA and get away with it. There was no need to make this a public announcement despite News.com's scoop, which only happened because of the approaching Jobs speech. Apple could have kept it quiet if they had chosen to, with the result that not so many sales would have been lost.

This means that there must have been some overriding reason why Apple HAD to make this public announcement, why it was worth the loss of billions in sales.

Question 5: Is this all really about Digital Rights Management?

People "in the know" love this idea, that Hollywood moguls are forcing Apple to switch to Intel because Intel processors have built-in DRM features that will keep us from pirating music and movies. Yes, Intel processors have such features, based primarily on the idea of a CPU ID that we all hated when it was announced years ago so Intel just stopped talking about it. The CPU ID is still in there, of course, and could be used to tie certain content to the specific chip in your computer.

But there are two problems with this argument. First, Apple is already in the music and video distribution businesses without this feature, which wouldn't be available across the whole product line for another two years and wouldn't be available across 90 percent of the installed base for probably another six years. Second, though nobody has ever mentioned it, I'm fairly sure that the PowerPC, too, has an individual CPU ID. Every high end microprocessor does, just as every network device has its unique MAC address.

So while DRM is nice, it probably isn't a driving force in this decision.

Then what is the driving force?

Microsoft.

Here is my analysis based on not much more than pondering the five questions, above, and speaking with a few old friends in the business. I won't say there is no insider information involved, but darned little.

The obvious questions about performance and 64-bit computing come down to marketing. At first, I thought that Steve Jobs was somehow taking up the challenge of making users believe war was peace and hate was love simply to show that he could do it. Steve is such a powerful communicator and so able to deceive people that for just a moment, I thought maybe he was doing this as a pure tour de force -- just because he could.

Nah. Not even Steve Jobs would try that.

The vaunted Intel roadmap is nice, but no nicer than the AMD roadmap, and nothing that IBM couldn't have matched. If Apple was willing to consider a processor switch, moving to the Cell Processor would have made much more sense than going to Intel or AMD, so I simply have to conclude that technology has nothing at all to do with this decision. This is simply about business -- BIG business.

Another clue comes from HP, where a rumor is going around that HP selling iPods could turn into HP becoming an Apple hardware partner for personal computers, too.

Microsoft comes into this because Intel hates Microsoft. It hasn't always been that way, but in recent years Microsoft has abused its relationship with Intel and used AMD as a cudgel against Intel. Even worse, from Intel's standpoint Microsoft doesn't work hard enough to challenge its hardware. For Intel to keep growing, people have to replace their PCs more often and Microsoft's bloatware strategy just isn't making that happen, especially if they keep delaying Longhorn.

Enter Apple. This isn't a story about Intel gaining another three percent market share at the expense of IBM, it is about Intel taking back control of the desktop from Microsoft.

Intel is fed up with Microsoft. Microsoft has no innovation that drives what Intel must have, which is a use for more processing power. And when they did have one with the Xbox, they went elsewhere.

So Intel buys Apple and works with their OEMs to get products out in the market. The OEMs would love to be able to offer a higher margin product with better reliability than Microsoft. Intel/Apple enters the market just as Microsoft announces yet another delay in their next generation OS. By the way, the new Apple OS for the Intel Architecture has a compatibility mode with Windows (I'm just guessing on this one).

This scenario works well for everyone except Microsoft. If Intel was able to own the Mac OS and make it available to all the OEMs, it could break the back of Microsoft. And if they tuned the OS to take advantage of unique features that only Intel had, they would put AMD back in the box, too. Apple could return Intel to its traditional role of being where all the value was in the PC world. And Apple/Intel could easily extend this to the consumer electronics world. How much would it cost Intel to buy Apple? Not much. And if they paid in stock it would cost nothing at all since investors would drive shares through the roof on a huge swell of user enthusiasm.

That's the story as I see it unfolding. Steve Jobs finally beats Bill Gates. And with the sale of Apple to Intel, Steve accepts the position of CEO of the Pixar/Disney/Sony Media Company.

Remember, you read it here first.