Руанда: 12 лет спустя...

[teak]

Сегодня 12 лет назад (7 апреля 1994 года) начались систематические погромы этническиx тутси в Руанде. С апреля по июль в стране по самым оптимистичным источникам были убиты свыше пол миллиона людей (по некоторым другим источникам цифра превосxодит миллион), подавляюшее большинство которыx являлись тутси.

Последним толчком для начала погромов стал сбитый с земли самолет президента Хабрянимана в Кигали вечером 6-го апреля. До сиx пор незивестно был ли самолет сбит Патритотическим Фронтом Руанды (движение тутси против репрессий со стороны правительства xуту), или сподвижниками самого президента для эскалации ситуации и начала резни.

Созданный в ноябре 1994 года Международный Уголовный Трибунал Руанды уже приговорил 25-иx в связи с иx причастностью к организации геноцида, дела 25 другиx всё ещё в процессе.

Один из самыx черныx эпизодов современной истории свидетельствует о том на что всё ещё способны люди, и насколько безразличным мир может быть по отношению к нуждающимся в помощи и во ивмешательстве во имя спасения иx жизней...

[Helen]

Насколко я знаю, тутси били призвани зашишат так називаемиые миротвортси.И ето резултат введения миротвортсев в регион конфликта. Пора уже понят что миротвортси ето статя списания расxодов для развитиx стран, но никак не зашита мирного населения:Сербия, Косово, Руанда.....

[teak]

Насколко я знаю, тутси били призвани зашишат так називаемиые миротвортси.И ето резултат введения миротвортсев в регион конфликта. Пора уже понят что миротвортси ето статя списания расxодов для развитиx стран, но никак не зашита мирного населения:Сербия, Косово, Руанда.....

[groul]

Истоки, да, лежат в истории взаимоотношений тутси и хуту (первые были элитой, вторые — в основном, прислуживали ей). Но! Эта система работала без особых сбоев до того, как в дело вмешались европейцы.

Что касается конкрето геноцида 1994 г., то значительная часть вины за него лежит именно на международном сообществе.

http://genocide.ru/lib/genocides/rwanda.htm

[groul]

BOOKS-RWANDA:

Forgiving the Unforgivable

Lisa Söderlindh

UNITED NATIONS, Apr 6 (IPS) - Exactly 12 years ago on Apr. 6, 1994, Immaculée Ilibagiza, a young Rwandan Tutsi woman, left the university campus in the city of Butare to spend the Easter holidays with her family.

Later that day, Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana was killed, together with Cyprien Ntaryamira, the Hutu president of Burundi, when his plane was shot down as it was coming in to land at Kigali airport. The incident was the final spark to a powder-keg of ethnic tensions dating back to colonial times between the dominant Tutsi minority and the majority Hutus.

Over the next three months, Ilibagiza's mother, father and two of her three brothers were killed in the genocide, as were some 800,000 others. Ilibagiza herself spent 91 days hiding in a closet-sized bathroom while rampaging mobs outside turned Rwanda into a sea of blood.

During her ordeal, Ilibagiza says she found the power of faith and vowed to write about what she had gone through -- if she lived to see the dawn again.

"I think there is a greater story that helps me tell my story," Ilibagiza told IPS at the New York launch of her book, "Left to Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust", which has hit the best-seller lists here. "God spared me my life and gave me the strength to bear the pain of being left to tell."

"I am praying every day that that my message will help build the world, rather than tear it apart," she added.

As noted by Armenian researcher Vahakn N. Dadrian in his study of 20th century genocide, German colonisers in the late 19th century helped cultivate different racial profiles by depicting the Tutsi as the overlords, endowed with physically superior traits, and portraying the Hutu as mere peasants.

The rift deepened further with the arrival of the Belgians in the early 20th century, who introduced an ethnic identity card to more easily distinguish between the two groups.

With the Hutu revolution of 1959-1962 and subsequent upheavals in 1962-1964 came the final institutionalisation of the Hutu-Tutsi conflict. The existing arrangement of power relations reversed -- the Tutsi minority ceased being the dominant group and the Hutu majority rose to power.

Ilibagiza says she came from a home were racism and prejudice were completely unknown, and the terms "Tutsi" and "Hutu" were never used. "All I knew of the world was the lively landscape surrounding me, the kindness of my neighbours, and the deep love of my parents and brothers," she said.

But her world was ripped apart with the eruption of Africa's worst genocide in modern times. Top government officials from the ruling Movement National pour la Révolution et le Development party played a direct role in the slaughter, as did the ignorance of the global community and the failure of international peacekeeping operations, with the U.N. Assistance Mission in Rwanda fatefully deciding to reduce its troop strength from 2,000 to 270.

Only in mid-May 1994 did the U.N. Security Council reverse its decision, but few peacekeepers arrived before the massacres ended in July, when the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front took power through a military campaign.

For three months, militia members, armed forces and civilians freely carried out appalling atrocities, predominately against the Tutsi ethnic minority. Ilibagiza recalls days of horror during which she and seven other women huddled in the darkness of the bathroom in a local pastor's home, while hundreds of Hutus hunted for them.

"Marked for execution because we were born Tutsi," she asked herself how history had managed to repeat itself after the world's powers vowed "never again" in the wake of the Nazi atrocities of World War Two.

Trembling on a path lined alternately with fear, despair, anger, and burning hatred, Ilibagiza finally found a place in the bathroom to call her own: "A small corner of my heart," where she spoke with God and found some measure of peace.

"[The Hutu perpetrators'] minds had been infected with the evil that spread across the country, but their souls weren't evil," she believes, resolving that forgiveness was all she had to offer.

The day she faced the man who had killed her family, Ilibagiza recalls being "overwhelmed with pity... the evil had ruined his life like a cancer in his soul. He was now the victim of his victims, destined to live in torment and regret."

Twelve years on, the message of love and forgiveness is still Ilibagiza's answer, and the wish of an awakening among people, "for them to see that they are needed".

Nearly two-thirds of the Rwandan population currently lives below the poverty line, she notes. "We need doctors, homes for survivors, and therapists that can help people who went through the genocide," Ilibagiza told IPS.

On an economic level, progress has been made over the last decade, but spiritually, "People are not healed. The wounds from the machetes [the most widely used weapon during the genocide] are still open," she said.

There are some 600,000 orphans in the country, many of whom are forced to live in the streets without adequate food or shelter. HIV/AIDS is another major problem, partly due to the widespread rape perpetrated during the genocide.

Yael Danieli, co-founder of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, said at a recent U.N. forum on the genocide that helping society recover from such a terrible event requires attention from both the local and international communities.

"Unless we prevent by healing the aftermath of genocide, the wounds will not only fester within the generation for a lifelong legacy, but fester from generation to generation," he said.

Ilibagiza believes that the complex underlying causes of the explosion of violence in 1994 are still barely understood. "The root of the genocide has yet not been uprooted. Why, I believe it can happen again -- in any country." (END/2006)

[Helen]

Что касается конкрето геноцида 1994 г., то значительная часть вины за него лежит именно на международном сообществе.

http://genocide.ru/lib/genocides/rwanda.htm